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David Beazley
2020-05-24 20:03:40 -05:00
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Notes/01_Introduction/01_Python.md
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In this part, we'll start with the absolute basics of Python.
## Reading
### What is Python?
Python is an interpreted high level programming language. It is often classified as a

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Notes/01_Introduction/02_Hello_world.md
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This section discusses the creation of your first program, running the interpreter,
and some basic debugging.
## Reading
### Running Python
Python programs run inside an interpreter.

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Notes/01_Introduction/04_Strings.md
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This section covers the basics of text manipulation.
## Reading
### Representing Text
String are text literals written in programs with quotes.
@@ -28,6 +26,9 @@ Triple quotes capture all text enclosed in multiple lines.
### String escape codes
Escape codes are used to represent control characters and characters that can't be easily typed
at the keyboard. Here are some common escape codes:
```
'\n' Line feed
'\r' Carriage return
@@ -36,7 +37,6 @@ Triple quotes capture all text enclosed in multiple lines.
'\"' Literal double quote
'\\'` Literal backslash
```
These codes are inspired by C.
### String Representation
@@ -45,9 +45,9 @@ Each character represents a raw unicode code point.
<!-- TODO: Add Picture of following characters -->
```python
a = '\xf1' # a = 'ñ'
b = '\u2200' # b = '∀'
c = '\U0001D122' # c = '𝄢'
a = '\xf1' # a = 'ñ'
b = '\u2200' # b = '∀'
c = '\U0001D122' # c = '𝄢'
d = '\N{FORALL}' # d = '∀'
```
@@ -114,11 +114,13 @@ Replacing text.
```python
s = 'Hello world'
t = s.replace('Hello' , 'Hallo')
t = s.replace('Hello' , 'Hallo') # 'Hallo world'
```
**More string methods:**
Strings have a wide variety of other methods for testing and manipulating the text data:
```python
s.endswith(suffix) # Check if string ends with suffix
s.find(t) # First occurrence of t in s
@@ -136,11 +138,11 @@ s.split([delim]) # Split string into list of substrings
s.startswith(prefix) # Check if string starts with prefix
s.strip() # Strip leading/trailing space
s.upper() # Convert to upper case
```
### String Mutability
Strings are "immutable". They are read only.
Strings are "immutable" or read-only.
Once created, the value can't be changed.
```python
@@ -198,7 +200,7 @@ data = text.encode('utf-8') # text -> bytes
### Raw Strings
String with uninterpreted backslash.
Raw strings are strings with uninterpreted backslash. They are little by prefixing the initial quote with a lowercase "r".
```python
>>> rs = r'c:\newdata\test' # Raw (uninterpreted backslash)
@@ -206,12 +208,12 @@ String with uninterpreted backslash.
'c:\\newdata\\test'
```
String is the literal text, exactly as typed.
The string is the literal text, exactly as typed.
This is useful in situations where the backslash has special significance. Example: filename, regular expressions, etc.
### f-Strings
String with formatted expression substitution.
A string with formatted expression substitution.
```python
>>> name = 'IBM'
@@ -226,9 +228,9 @@ String with formatted expression substitution.
>>>
```
**Note: Requires Python 3.6 or newer.**
**Note: This requires Python 3.6 or newer.**
## Exercises 1.4
## Exercises
In this exercise, we experiment with operations on Python's string type.

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Notes/01_Introduction/05_Lists.md
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This section introduces lists, one of Python's basic objects for storing collections of data.
## Reading
### Creating a List
Use square brackets to create a list:
@@ -156,7 +154,7 @@ s.sort() # ['bar', 'foo', 'spam']
Specifically, lists don't represent vectors/matrices as in MATLAB, Octave, IDL, etc.
However, there are some packages to help you with that (e.g. numpy).
## Exercises 1.5
## Exercises
In this exercise, we experiment with Python's list datatype. In the last exercise, you worked with strings containing stock symbols.

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Notes/01_Introduction/06_Files.md
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This section discusses the basics of working with files.
## Reading
### File Input and Output
Open a file.
@@ -81,7 +79,7 @@ with open('outfile', 'wt') as f:
...
```
## Exercises 1.6
## Exercises
This exercise depends on a file `Data/portfolio.csv`. The file contains a list of lines with information on a portfolio of stocks.
Locate the file and look at its contents:
@@ -91,7 +89,7 @@ Locate the file and look at its contents:
*Note: Make sure you are running Python in a location where you can access the `portfolio.csv` file.
You can find out where Python thinks it's running by doing this:
```python
```pycon
>>> import os
>>> os.getcwd()
'/Users/beazley/Desktop/practical-python' # Output vary

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Notes/01_Introduction/07_Functions.md
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As your programs start to get larger, you'll want to get organized. This section
introduces functions. Error handling with exceptions is also introduced.
## Reading
### Custom Functions
Use functions for code you want to reuse. Here is a function definition:
@@ -100,8 +98,7 @@ Traceback (most recent call last):
RuntimeError: What a kerfuffle
```
## Exercises 1.7
## Exercises
### (a) Defining a function

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