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# Overview
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# 4. Classes and Objects
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## Object Oriented (OO) programming
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So far, our programs have only used built-in Python datatypes. In
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this section, we introduce the concept of classes and objects. You'll
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learn about the `class` statement that allows you to make new objects.
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We'll also introduce the concept of inheritance, a tool that is commonly
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use to build extensible programs. Finally, we'll look at a few other
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features of classes including special methods, dynamic attribute lookup,
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and defining new exceptions.
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A Programming technique where code is organized as a collection of *objects*.
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* [4.1 Introducing Classes](01_Class)
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* [4.2 Inheritance](02_Inheritance)
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* [4.3 Special Methods](03_Special_methods)
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* [4.4 Defining new Exception](04_Defining_exceptions)
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An *object* consists of:
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* Data. Attributes
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* Behavior. Methods, functions applied to the object.
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You have already been using some OO during this course.
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For example with Lists.
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```python
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>>> nums = [1, 2, 3]
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>>> nums.append(4) # Method
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>>> nums.insert(1,10) # Method
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>>> nums
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[1, 10, 2, 3, 4] # Data
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>>>
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```
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`nums` is an *instance* of a list.
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Methods (`append` and `insert`) are attached to the instance (`nums`).
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## Summary
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This will be a high-level overview of classes.
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Most code involving classes will involve the topics covered in this section.
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If you're merely using existing libraries, the code is typically fairly simple.
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[Contents](../Contents)
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# 4.1 Classes
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### Object Oriented (OO) programming
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A Programming technique where code is organized as a collection of *objects*.
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An *object* consists of:
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* Data. Attributes
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* Behavior. Methods, functions applied to the object.
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You have already been using some OO during this course.
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For example with Lists.
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```python
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>>> nums = [1, 2, 3]
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>>> nums.append(4) # Method
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>>> nums.insert(1,10) # Method
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>>> nums
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[1, 10, 2, 3, 4] # Data
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>>>
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```
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`nums` is an *instance* of a list.
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Methods (`append` and `insert`) are attached to the instance (`nums`).
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### The `class` statement
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Use the `class` statement to define a new object.
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