first

add_and_subtract.hla

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+program AddAndSub;
+
+#include("stdlib.hhf")
+
+static
+    eight_bit_integer: 		int8	:= 7;
+
+begin AddAndSub;
+
+    stdout.put
+    (
+	nl,
+	"Initialized values: eight_bit_integer=", 
+	eight_bit_integer,
+	nl
+    );
+
+    mov( 0, dh ); // `al` is an eight-bit register
+    sub( eight_bit_integer, dh ); // `al` minus `eight_bit_integer` 
+    mov( dh, eight_bit_integer ); // this should be -7
+
+    stdout.put(nl, "Now eight_bit_integer = ", eight_bit_integer, nl);
+    // add( 135, eight_bit_integer);
+    // stdout.put(nl, "Now eight_bit_integer = ", eight_bit_integer, nl);
+   
+end AddAndSub;

dec.hla

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+program ConvertToDecimal;
+#include("stdlib.hhf")
+static
+    value: int32;
+
+begin ConvertToDecimal;
+
+    stdout.put("Input a hex value: ");
+    stdin.get(eax);
+    mov(eax, value);
+    stdout.put("The value $", eax, " converted to decimal is ", value, nl);
+end ConvertToDecimal;

fasm_with_tsoding/hello.asm

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+format ELF64 executable
+
+STDOUT = 1
+HAPPY_EXIT_CODE = 1
+SYSCALL_EXIT = 60
+SYSCALL_WRITE = 1
+
+macro print fd, buf, len
+{
+    mov rax, SYSCALL_WRITE ; 1 -> write, which takes three arguments (below)
+    mov rdi, fd
+    mov rsi, buf
+    mov rdx, len
+    syscall
+}
+
+macro exit code 
+{
+    mov rax, SYSCALL_EXIT 
+    mov rdi, HAPPY_EXIT_CODE 
+    syscall
+}
+
+segment readable executable
+entry main
+main:
+    print STDOUT, msg, msg_len
+    exit 1 
+
+
+segment readable writeable
+msg db "Hello, World!", 10
+msg_len db $ - msg
+

fasm_with_tsoding/server.asm

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+format ELF64 executable
+
+STDOUT = 1
+HAPPY_EXIT_CODE = 0
+SYSCALL_EXIT = 60
+SYSCALL_WRITE = 1
+SYSCALL_SOCKET = 41
+AF_INET = 2
+SOCK_STREAM = 1
+
+macro print buf, len
+{
+    mov rax, SYSCALL_WRITE ; 1 -> write, which takes three arguments (below)
+    mov rdi, STDOUT
+    mov rsi, buf
+    mov rdx, len
+    syscall
+}
+
+macro exit code 
+{
+    mov rax, SYSCALL_EXIT 
+    mov rdi, code 
+    syscall
+}
+
+macro socket domain, type, protocol
+{
+    mov rax, SYSCALL_SOCKET
+    mov rdi, domain
+    mov rsi, type
+    mov rdx, protocol
+    syscall
+}
+
+segment readable executable
+entry main
+main:
+    print msg, msg_len
+    socket AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0
+    mov dword [socket_fd], eax
+    print [socket_fd], 32
+    exit HAPPY_EXIT_CODE
+
+
+segment readable writeable
+msg db "Starting web server!", 10
+msg_len db $ - msg
+socket_fd dd 0

fasm_with_tsoding/steps.md

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+1) install fasm ([link](https://flatassembler.net/download.php))
+```bash
+sudo apt install build-essential manpages-dev software-properties-common
+sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-toolchain-r/test
+sudo apt update && sudo apt install gcc-11 g++-11
+```
+1) `sudo apt install libx11-dev`
+1) install gdb
+1) install [gf](git clone https://github.com/nakst/gf.git)
+

hello.hla

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+program helloWorld;
+#include( "stdlib.hhf" );
+
+begin helloWorld;
+
+  stdout.put( "Hello, World of Assembly Language" nl );
+
+end helloWorld;

hex.hla

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+program ConvertToHex;
+#include("stdlib.hhf")
+static
+    value: int32;
+
+begin ConvertToHex;
+
+    stdout.put("Input a decimal value: ");
+    stdin.get(value);
+    mov(value, eax);
+    stdout.put("The value ", value, " converted to hex is $", eax, nl);
+end ConvertToHex;

logical_ops.hla

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+program LogicalOp;
+#include("stdlib.hhf")
+begin LogicalOp;
+    stdout.put( "Input left operand: "); // 5 -> 0000_0000_0000_0101
+    stdin.get( eax );
+    stdout.put( "Input right operand: ");
+    stdin.get( ebx ); // 15 -> 0000_0000_0000_1111
+
+    stdout.put( "$", eax, " xor $", ebx, " = $");
+    // mov (eax, ecx ); 
+    xor (eax, ebx );
+    stdout.put( ebx, nl); // 10
+end LogicalOp;

sign_extension.hla

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+program signExtension;
+#include( "stdlib.hhf" )
+
+static
+    i8:		int8;
+    i16:	int16;
+    i32:	int32;
+
+begin signExtension;
+
+    stdout.put("Enter a small negative number: ");
+    stdin.get(i8);
+    stdout.put(nl, "Sign extension using CBW and CWDE:", nl, nl);
+
+	mov(i8, al);
+	stdout.put("You entered ", i8, " ($", al, ")", nl);
+
+	cbw(); // ??? must be sign extending the value in `al` to `ax`
+	mov(ax, i16);
+	stdout.put("16-bit sign extension: ", i16, " ($", ax, ")", nl);

twos_complement.hla

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+program twosComplement;
+#include("stdlib.hhf")
+
+static
+    pos_value:	int8;
+    neg_value:	int8;
+
+begin twosComplement;
+
+    stdout.put( "Enter an integer between 0 and 127: " );
+    stdin.get( pos_value );
+    stdout.put( nl, "Value in hex: $" );
+    stdout.puth8( pos_value );
+
+    mov( pos_value, al );
+    // not ( al );
+    // stdout.put( nl, "Invert all the bits: $", al, nl);
+    // add( 1, al );
+    neg( al );
+    // stdout.put( "Add one: $", al, nl );
+    mov( al, neg_value );
+    stdout.put( nl, "Result in decimal: ", neg_value, nl);
+
+end twosComplement;
+

variables.hla

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+program Vars;
+#include( "stdlib.hhf" )
+
+static
+    MyNum:		int8 := 42;
+    NumNotInitialized:	int8;
+
+begin Vars;
+
+    stdout.put( "MyNum = ", MyNum, nl);
+    stdout.put( "Enter an integer value: " );
+    stdin.get(NumNotInitialized);
+    stdout.put( "You entered '", NumNotInitialized, "'", nl );
+
+end Vars;

zero_extension.hla

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+program zero_extension;
+#include("stdlib.hhf")
+
+static
+    magic_num:       int8 := 42;
+    magic_num_16:    int16;
+
+begin zero_extension;
+    mov(magic_num, al);
+    mov(0, ah);
+    mov(ax, magic_num_16);
+    stdout.put("magic_num_16 = ", magic_num_16); // should be 42
+end zero_extension;
+