diff --git a/.pre-commit-config.yaml b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
index 0639d2c..fc89a53 100644
--- a/.pre-commit-config.yaml
+++ b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ repos:
     rev: v2.6.0
     hooks:
     -   id: reorder-python-imports
-        args: [--py3-plus]
+        args: [--py3-plus, --add-import, 'from __future__ import annotations']
 -   repo: https://github.com/asottile/add-trailing-comma
     rev: v2.1.0
     hooks:
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ repos:
     rev: v2.25.0
     hooks:
     -   id: pyupgrade
-        args: [--py36-plus]
+        args: [--py37-plus]
 -   repo: https://github.com/asottile/setup-cfg-fmt
     rev: v1.17.0
     hooks:
diff --git a/azure-pipelines.yml b/azure-pipelines.yml
index 0678a20..8e078c5 100644
--- a/azure-pipelines.yml
+++ b/azure-pipelines.yml
@@ -15,5 +15,5 @@ resources:
 jobs:
 - template: job--python-tox.yml@asottile
   parameters:
-    toxenvs: [pypy3, py36, py37, py38, py39]
+    toxenvs: [py37, py38, py39]
     os: linux
diff --git a/babi/__main__.py b/babi/__main__.py
index 056a5f3..ff09674 100644
--- a/babi/__main__.py
+++ b/babi/__main__.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 from babi.main import main
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
diff --git a/babi/_types.py b/babi/_types.py
index b3f97e0..aa879df 100644
--- a/babi/_types.py
+++ b/babi/_types.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
diff --git a/babi/buf.py b/babi/buf.py
index 9b1cec4..d2df483 100644
--- a/babi/buf.py
+++ b/babi/buf.py
@@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import bisect
 import contextlib
 from typing import Callable
 from typing import Generator
 from typing import Iterator
-from typing import List
 from typing import NamedTuple
-from typing import Optional
-from typing import Tuple
 
 from babi._types import Protocol
 from babi.horizontal_scrolling import line_x
@@ -19,7 +18,7 @@ DelCallback = Callable[['Buf', int, str], None]
 InsCallback = Callable[['Buf', int], None]
 
 
-def _offsets(s: str, tab_size: int) -> Tuple[int, ...]:
+def _offsets(s: str, tab_size: int) -> tuple[int, ...]:
     ret = [0]
     for c in s:
         if c == '\t':
@@ -30,14 +29,14 @@ def _offsets(s: str, tab_size: int) -> Tuple[int, ...]:
 
 
 class Modification(Protocol):
-    def __call__(self, buf: 'Buf') -> None: ...
+    def __call__(self, buf: Buf) -> None: ...
 
 
 class SetModification(NamedTuple):
     idx: int
     s: str
 
-    def __call__(self, buf: 'Buf') -> None:
+    def __call__(self, buf: Buf) -> None:
         buf[self.idx] = self.s
 
 
@@ -45,29 +44,29 @@ class InsModification(NamedTuple):
     idx: int
     s: str
 
-    def __call__(self, buf: 'Buf') -> None:
+    def __call__(self, buf: Buf) -> None:
         buf.insert(self.idx, self.s)
 
 
 class DelModification(NamedTuple):
     idx: int
 
-    def __call__(self, buf: 'Buf') -> None:
+    def __call__(self, buf: Buf) -> None:
         del buf[self.idx]
 
 
 class Buf:
-    def __init__(self, lines: List[str], tab_size: int = 4) -> None:
+    def __init__(self, lines: list[str], tab_size: int = 4) -> None:
         self._lines = lines
         self.expandtabs = True
         self.tab_size = tab_size
         self.file_y = self.y = self._x = self._x_hint = 0
 
-        self._set_callbacks: List[SetCallback] = [self._set_cb]
-        self._del_callbacks: List[DelCallback] = [self._del_cb]
-        self._ins_callbacks: List[InsCallback] = [self._ins_cb]
+        self._set_callbacks: list[SetCallback] = [self._set_cb]
+        self._del_callbacks: list[DelCallback] = [self._del_cb]
+        self._ins_callbacks: list[InsCallback] = [self._ins_cb]
 
-        self._positions: List[Optional[Tuple[int, ...]]] = []
+        self._positions: list[tuple[int, ...] | None] = []
 
     # read only interface
 
@@ -163,16 +162,16 @@ class Buf:
         self._ins_callbacks.remove(cb)
 
     @contextlib.contextmanager
-    def record(self) -> Generator[List[Modification], None, None]:
-        modifications: List[Modification] = []
+    def record(self) -> Generator[list[Modification], None, None]:
+        modifications: list[Modification] = []
 
-        def set_cb(buf: 'Buf', idx: int, victim: str) -> None:
+        def set_cb(buf: Buf, idx: int, victim: str) -> None:
             modifications.append(SetModification(idx, victim))
 
-        def del_cb(buf: 'Buf', idx: int, victim: str) -> None:
+        def del_cb(buf: Buf, idx: int, victim: str) -> None:
             modifications.append(InsModification(idx, victim))
 
-        def ins_cb(buf: 'Buf', idx: int) -> None:
+        def ins_cb(buf: Buf, idx: int) -> None:
             modifications.append(DelModification(idx))
 
         self.add_set_callback(set_cb)
@@ -185,7 +184,7 @@ class Buf:
             self.remove_del_callback(del_cb)
             self.remove_set_callback(set_cb)
 
-    def apply(self, modifications: List[Modification]) -> List[Modification]:
+    def apply(self, modifications: list[Modification]) -> list[Modification]:
         with self.record() as ret_modifications:
             for modification in reversed(modifications):
                 modification(self)
@@ -209,19 +208,19 @@ class Buf:
     def _extend_positions(self, idx: int) -> None:
         self._positions.extend([None] * (1 + idx - len(self._positions)))
 
-    def _set_cb(self, buf: 'Buf', idx: int, victim: str) -> None:
+    def _set_cb(self, buf: Buf, idx: int, victim: str) -> None:
         self._extend_positions(idx)
         self._positions[idx] = None
 
-    def _del_cb(self, buf: 'Buf', idx: int, victim: str) -> None:
+    def _del_cb(self, buf: Buf, idx: int, victim: str) -> None:
         self._extend_positions(idx)
         del self._positions[idx]
 
-    def _ins_cb(self, buf: 'Buf', idx: int) -> None:
+    def _ins_cb(self, buf: Buf, idx: int) -> None:
         self._extend_positions(idx)
         self._positions.insert(idx, None)
 
-    def line_positions(self, idx: int) -> Tuple[int, ...]:
+    def line_positions(self, idx: int) -> tuple[int, ...]:
         self._extend_positions(idx)
         value = self._positions[idx]
         if value is None:
@@ -236,7 +235,7 @@ class Buf:
     def _cursor_x(self) -> int:
         return self.line_positions(self.y)[self.x]
 
-    def cursor_position(self, margin: Margin) -> Tuple[int, int]:
+    def cursor_position(self, margin: Margin) -> tuple[int, int]:
         y = self.y - self.file_y + margin.header
         x = self._cursor_x - self.line_x(margin)
         return y, x
diff --git a/babi/cached_property.py b/babi/cached_property.py
index 7ce276e..78764f4 100644
--- a/babi/cached_property.py
+++ b/babi/cached_property.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import sys
 
 if sys.version_info >= (3, 8):  # pragma: no cover (>=py38)
@@ -5,8 +7,6 @@ if sys.version_info >= (3, 8):  # pragma: no cover (>=py38)
 else:  # pragma: no cover (<py38)
     from typing import Callable
     from typing import Generic
-    from typing import Optional
-    from typing import Type
     from typing import TypeVar
 
     TSelf = TypeVar('TSelf')
@@ -18,8 +18,8 @@ else:  # pragma: no cover (<py38)
 
         def __get__(
                 self,
-                instance: Optional[TSelf],
-                owner: Optional[Type[TSelf]] = None,
+                instance: TSelf | None,
+                owner: type[TSelf] | None = None,
         ) -> TRet:
             assert instance is not None
             ret = instance.__dict__[self._func.__name__] = self._func(instance)
diff --git a/babi/color.py b/babi/color.py
index 02fa120..d549652 100644
--- a/babi/color.py
+++ b/babi/color.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 from typing import NamedTuple
 
 # TODO: find a standard which defines these
@@ -11,7 +13,7 @@ class Color(NamedTuple):
     b: int
 
     @classmethod
-    def parse(cls, s: str) -> 'Color':
+    def parse(cls, s: str) -> Color:
         if s.startswith('#') and len(s) >= 7:
             return cls(r=int(s[1:3], 16), g=int(s[3:5], 16), b=int(s[5:7], 16))
         elif s.startswith('#'):
diff --git a/babi/color_kd.py b/babi/color_kd.py
index e5b1631..4bfd0e7 100644
--- a/babi/color_kd.py
+++ b/babi/color_kd.py
@@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import functools
 import itertools
-from typing import List
 from typing import NamedTuple
-from typing import Optional
-from typing import Tuple
 
 from babi._types import Protocol
 from babi.color import Color
@@ -19,19 +18,19 @@ class KD(Protocol):
     @property
     def n(self) -> int: ...
     @property
-    def left(self) -> Optional['KD']: ...
+    def left(self) -> KD | None: ...
     @property
-    def right(self) -> Optional['KD']: ...
+    def right(self) -> KD | None: ...
 
 
 class _KD(NamedTuple):
     color: Color
     n: int
-    left: Optional[KD]
-    right: Optional[KD]
+    left: KD | None
+    right: KD | None
 
 
-def _build(colors: List[Tuple[Color, int]], depth: int = 0) -> Optional[KD]:
+def _build(colors: list[tuple[Color, int]], depth: int = 0) -> KD | None:
     if not colors:
         return None
 
@@ -46,11 +45,11 @@ def _build(colors: List[Tuple[Color, int]], depth: int = 0) -> Optional[KD]:
     )
 
 
-def nearest(color: Color, colors: Optional[KD]) -> int:
+def nearest(color: Color, colors: KD | None) -> int:
     best = 0
     dist = 2 ** 32
 
-    def _search(kd: Optional[KD], *, depth: int) -> None:
+    def _search(kd: KD | None, *, depth: int) -> None:
         nonlocal best
         nonlocal dist
 
@@ -77,7 +76,7 @@ def nearest(color: Color, colors: Optional[KD]) -> int:
 
 
 @functools.lru_cache(maxsize=1)
-def make_256() -> Optional[KD]:
+def make_256() -> KD | None:
     vals = (0, 95, 135, 175, 215, 255)
     colors = [
         (Color(r, g, b), i)
diff --git a/babi/color_manager.py b/babi/color_manager.py
index 6970c39..614b2ea 100644
--- a/babi/color_manager.py
+++ b/babi/color_manager.py
@@ -1,21 +1,20 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import curses
-from typing import Dict
 from typing import NamedTuple
-from typing import Optional
-from typing import Tuple
 
 from babi import color_kd
 from babi.color import Color
 
 
-def _color_to_curses(color: Color) -> Tuple[int, int, int]:
+def _color_to_curses(color: Color) -> tuple[int, int, int]:
     factor = 1000 / 255
     return int(color.r * factor), int(color.g * factor), int(color.b * factor)
 
 
 class ColorManager(NamedTuple):
-    colors: Dict[Color, int]
-    raw_pairs: Dict[Tuple[int, int], int]
+    colors: dict[Color, int]
+    raw_pairs: dict[tuple[int, int], int]
 
     def init_color(self, color: Color) -> None:
         if curses.can_change_color():
@@ -27,7 +26,7 @@ class ColorManager(NamedTuple):
         else:
             self.colors[color] = -1
 
-    def color_pair(self, fg: Optional[Color], bg: Optional[Color]) -> int:
+    def color_pair(self, fg: Color | None, bg: Color | None) -> int:
         fg_i = self.colors[fg] if fg is not None else -1
         bg_i = self.colors[bg] if bg is not None else -1
         return self.raw_color_pair(fg_i, bg_i)
@@ -46,5 +45,5 @@ class ColorManager(NamedTuple):
             return 0
 
     @classmethod
-    def make(cls) -> 'ColorManager':
+    def make(cls) -> ColorManager:
         return cls({}, {})
diff --git a/babi/fdict.py b/babi/fdict.py
index 0613e83..f3ba9dd 100644
--- a/babi/fdict.py
+++ b/babi/fdict.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 from typing import Generic
 from typing import Iterable
 from typing import Mapping
diff --git a/babi/file.py b/babi/file.py
index 0a3d05c..0f3e9f2 100644
--- a/babi/file.py
+++ b/babi/file.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import collections
 import contextlib
 import curses
@@ -12,15 +14,11 @@ from typing import Callable
 from typing import cast
 from typing import Generator
 from typing import IO
-from typing import List
 from typing import Match
 from typing import NamedTuple
-from typing import Optional
 from typing import Pattern
-from typing import Tuple
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
 from typing import TypeVar
-from typing import Union
 
 from babi.buf import Buf
 from babi.buf import Modification
@@ -42,7 +40,7 @@ TCallable = TypeVar('TCallable', bound=Callable[..., Any])
 WS_RE = re.compile(r'^\s*')
 
 
-def get_lines(sio: IO[str]) -> Tuple[List[str], str, bool, str]:
+def get_lines(sio: IO[str]) -> tuple[list[str], str, bool, str]:
     sha256 = hashlib.sha256()
     lines = []
     newlines = collections.Counter({'\n': 0})  # default to `\n`
@@ -64,7 +62,7 @@ def get_lines(sio: IO[str]) -> Tuple[List[str], str, bool, str]:
 
 class Action:
     def __init__(
-            self, *, name: str, modifications: List[Modification],
+            self, *, name: str, modifications: list[Modification],
             start_x: int, start_y: int, start_modified: bool,
             end_x: int, end_y: int, end_modified: bool,
             final: bool,
@@ -79,7 +77,7 @@ class Action:
         self.end_modified = end_modified
         self.final = final
 
-    def apply(self, file: 'File') -> 'Action':
+    def apply(self, file: File) -> Action:
         action = Action(
             name=self.name, modifications=file.buf.apply(self.modifications),
             start_x=self.end_x, start_y=self.end_y,
@@ -98,7 +96,7 @@ class Action:
 
 def action(func: TCallable) -> TCallable:
     @functools.wraps(func)
-    def action_inner(self: 'File', *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> Any:
+    def action_inner(self: File, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> Any:
         self.finalize_previous_action()
         return func(self, *args, **kwargs)
     return cast(TCallable, action_inner)
@@ -111,7 +109,7 @@ def edit_action(
 ) -> Callable[[TCallable], TCallable]:
     def edit_action_decorator(func: TCallable) -> TCallable:
         @functools.wraps(func)
-        def edit_action_inner(self: 'File', *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> Any:
+        def edit_action_inner(self: File, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> Any:
             with self.edit_action_context(name, final=final):
                 return func(self, *args, **kwargs)
         return cast(TCallable, edit_action_inner)
@@ -120,7 +118,7 @@ def edit_action(
 
 def keep_selection(func: TCallable) -> TCallable:
     @functools.wraps(func)
-    def keep_selection_inner(self: 'File', *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> Any:
+    def keep_selection_inner(self: File, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> Any:
         with self.select():
             return func(self, *args, **kwargs)
     return cast(TCallable, keep_selection_inner)
@@ -128,7 +126,7 @@ def keep_selection(func: TCallable) -> TCallable:
 
 def clear_selection(func: TCallable) -> TCallable:
     @functools.wraps(func)
-    def clear_selection_inner(self: 'File', *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> Any:
+    def clear_selection_inner(self: File, *args: Any, **kwargs: Any) -> Any:
         ret = func(self, *args, **kwargs)
         self.selection.clear()
         return ret
@@ -143,7 +141,7 @@ class Found(NamedTuple):
 class _SearchIter:
     def __init__(
             self,
-            file: 'File',
+            file: File,
             reg: Pattern[str],
             *,
             offset: int,
@@ -155,7 +153,7 @@ class _SearchIter:
         self._start_x = file.buf.x + offset
         self._start_y = file.buf.y
 
-    def __iter__(self) -> '_SearchIter':
+    def __iter__(self) -> _SearchIter:
         return self
 
     def _stop_if_past_original(self, y: int, match: Match[str]) -> Found:
@@ -168,7 +166,7 @@ class _SearchIter:
             raise StopIteration()
         return Found(y, match)
 
-    def __next__(self) -> Tuple[int, Match[str]]:
+    def __next__(self) -> tuple[int, Match[str]]:
         x = self.file.buf.x + self.offset
         y = self.file.buf.y
 
@@ -200,25 +198,25 @@ class _SearchIter:
 class File:
     def __init__(
             self,
-            filename: Optional[str],
+            filename: str | None,
             initial_line: int,
             color_manager: ColorManager,
-            hl_factories: Tuple[HLFactory, ...],
+            hl_factories: tuple[HLFactory, ...],
     ) -> None:
         self.filename = filename
         self.initial_line = initial_line
         self.modified = False
         self.buf = Buf([])
         self.nl = '\n'
-        self.sha256: Optional[str] = None
+        self.sha256: str | None = None
         self._in_edit_action = False
-        self.undo_stack: List[Action] = []
-        self.redo_stack: List[Action] = []
+        self.undo_stack: list[Action] = []
+        self.redo_stack: list[Action] = []
         self._hl_factories = hl_factories
         self._trailing_whitespace = TrailingWhitespace(color_manager)
         self._replace_hl = Replace()
         self.selection = Selection()
-        self._file_hls: Tuple[FileHL, ...] = ()
+        self._file_hls: tuple[FileHL, ...] = ()
 
     def ensure_loaded(
             self,
@@ -395,14 +393,14 @@ class File:
     @clear_selection
     def replace(
             self,
-            screen: 'Screen',
+            screen: Screen,
             reg: Pattern[str],
             replace: str,
     ) -> None:
         self.finalize_previous_action()
 
         count = 0
-        res: Union[str, PromptResult] = ''
+        res: str | PromptResult = ''
         search = _SearchIter(self, reg, offset=0)
         for line_y, match in search:
             end = match.end()
@@ -597,7 +595,7 @@ class File:
 
     @edit_action('cut selection', final=True)
     @clear_selection
-    def cut_selection(self, margin: Margin) -> Tuple[str, ...]:
+    def cut_selection(self, margin: Margin) -> tuple[str, ...]:
         ret = []
         (s_y, s_x), (e_y, e_x) = self.selection.get()
         if s_y == e_y:
@@ -617,7 +615,7 @@ class File:
         self.buf.scroll_screen_if_needed(margin)
         return tuple(ret)
 
-    def cut(self, cut_buffer: Tuple[str, ...]) -> Tuple[str, ...]:
+    def cut(self, cut_buffer: tuple[str, ...]) -> tuple[str, ...]:
         # only continue a cut if the last action is a non-final cut
         if not self._continue_last_action('cut'):
             cut_buffer = ()
@@ -630,7 +628,7 @@ class File:
                 self.buf.x = 0
                 return cut_buffer + (victim,)
 
-    def _uncut(self, cut_buffer: Tuple[str, ...], margin: Margin) -> None:
+    def _uncut(self, cut_buffer: tuple[str, ...], margin: Margin) -> None:
         for cut_line in cut_buffer:
             line = self.buf[self.buf.y]
             before, after = line[:self.buf.x], line[self.buf.x:]
@@ -641,14 +639,14 @@ class File:
 
     @edit_action('uncut', final=True)
     @clear_selection
-    def uncut(self, cut_buffer: Tuple[str, ...], margin: Margin) -> None:
+    def uncut(self, cut_buffer: tuple[str, ...], margin: Margin) -> None:
         self._uncut(cut_buffer, margin)
 
     @edit_action('uncut selection', final=True)
     @clear_selection
     def uncut_selection(
             self,
-            cut_buffer: Tuple[str, ...], margin: Margin,
+            cut_buffer: tuple[str, ...], margin: Margin,
     ) -> None:
         self._uncut(cut_buffer, margin)
         self.buf.up(margin)
@@ -666,7 +664,7 @@ class File:
         self.buf.x = 0
         self.buf.scroll_screen_if_needed(margin)
 
-    def _selection_lines(self) -> Tuple[int, int]:
+    def _selection_lines(self) -> tuple[int, int]:
         (s_y, _), (e_y, _) = self.selection.get()
         e_y = min(e_y + 1, len(self.buf) - 1)
         if self.buf[e_y - 1] == '':
@@ -852,12 +850,12 @@ class File:
 
     def move_cursor(
             self,
-            stdscr: 'curses._CursesWindow',
+            stdscr: curses._CursesWindow,
             margin: Margin,
     ) -> None:
         stdscr.move(*self.buf.cursor_position(margin))
 
-    def draw(self, stdscr: 'curses._CursesWindow', margin: Margin) -> None:
+    def draw(self, stdscr: curses._CursesWindow, margin: Margin) -> None:
         to_display = min(self.buf.displayable_count, margin.body_lines)
 
         for file_hl in self._file_hls:
diff --git a/babi/highlight.py b/babi/highlight.py
index faa530e..cbd2f75 100644
--- a/babi/highlight.py
+++ b/babi/highlight.py
@@ -1,13 +1,11 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import functools
 import json
 import os.path
 from typing import Any
-from typing import Dict
-from typing import FrozenSet
-from typing import List
 from typing import Match
 from typing import NamedTuple
-from typing import Optional
 from typing import Tuple
 from typing import TypeVar
 
@@ -34,7 +32,7 @@ def uniquely_constructed(t: T) -> T:
     return t
 
 
-def _split_name(s: Optional[str]) -> Tuple[str, ...]:
+def _split_name(s: str | None) -> tuple[str, ...]:
     if s is None:
         return ()
     else:
@@ -44,17 +42,17 @@ def _split_name(s: Optional[str]) -> Tuple[str, ...]:
 class _Rule(Protocol):
     """hax for recursive types python/mypy#731"""
     @property
-    def name(self) -> Tuple[str, ...]: ...
+    def name(self) -> tuple[str, ...]: ...
     @property
-    def match(self) -> Optional[str]: ...
+    def match(self) -> str | None: ...
     @property
-    def begin(self) -> Optional[str]: ...
+    def begin(self) -> str | None: ...
     @property
-    def end(self) -> Optional[str]: ...
+    def end(self) -> str | None: ...
     @property
-    def while_(self) -> Optional[str]: ...
+    def while_(self) -> str | None: ...
     @property
-    def content_name(self) -> Tuple[str, ...]: ...
+    def content_name(self) -> tuple[str, ...]: ...
     @property
     def captures(self) -> Captures: ...
     @property
@@ -64,39 +62,39 @@ class _Rule(Protocol):
     @property
     def while_captures(self) -> Captures: ...
     @property
-    def include(self) -> Optional[str]: ...
+    def include(self) -> str | None: ...
     @property
-    def patterns(self) -> 'Tuple[_Rule, ...]': ...
+    def patterns(self) -> tuple[_Rule, ...]: ...
     @property
-    def repository(self) -> 'FChainMap[str, _Rule]': ...
+    def repository(self) -> FChainMap[str, _Rule]: ...
 
 
 @uniquely_constructed
 class Rule(NamedTuple):
-    name: Tuple[str, ...]
-    match: Optional[str]
-    begin: Optional[str]
-    end: Optional[str]
-    while_: Optional[str]
-    content_name: Tuple[str, ...]
+    name: tuple[str, ...]
+    match: str | None
+    begin: str | None
+    end: str | None
+    while_: str | None
+    content_name: tuple[str, ...]
     captures: Captures
     begin_captures: Captures
     end_captures: Captures
     while_captures: Captures
-    include: Optional[str]
-    patterns: Tuple[_Rule, ...]
+    include: str | None
+    patterns: tuple[_Rule, ...]
     repository: FChainMap[str, _Rule]
 
     @classmethod
     def make(
             cls,
-            dct: Dict[str, Any],
+            dct: dict[str, Any],
             parent_repository: FChainMap[str, _Rule],
     ) -> _Rule:
         if 'repository' in dct:
             # this looks odd, but it's so we can have a self-referential
             # immutable-after-construction chain map
-            repository_dct: Dict[str, _Rule] = {}
+            repository_dct: dict[str, _Rule] = {}
             repository = FChainMap(parent_repository, repository_dct)
             for k, sub_dct in dct['repository'].items():
                 repository_dct[k] = Rule.make(sub_dct, repository)
@@ -183,15 +181,15 @@ class Rule(NamedTuple):
 class Grammar(NamedTuple):
     scope_name: str
     repository: FChainMap[str, _Rule]
-    patterns: Tuple[_Rule, ...]
+    patterns: tuple[_Rule, ...]
 
     @classmethod
-    def make(cls, data: Dict[str, Any]) -> 'Grammar':
+    def make(cls, data: dict[str, Any]) -> Grammar:
         scope_name = data['scopeName']
         if 'repository' in data:
             # this looks odd, but it's so we can have a self-referential
             # immutable-after-construction chain map
-            repository_dct: Dict[str, _Rule] = {}
+            repository_dct: dict[str, _Rule] = {}
             repository = FChainMap(repository_dct)
             for k, dct in data['repository'].items():
                 repository_dct[k] = Rule.make(dct, repository)
@@ -212,54 +210,54 @@ class Region(NamedTuple):
 
 
 class State(NamedTuple):
-    entries: Tuple['Entry', ...]
-    while_stack: Tuple[Tuple['WhileRule', int], ...]
+    entries: tuple[Entry, ...]
+    while_stack: tuple[tuple[WhileRule, int], ...]
 
     @classmethod
-    def root(cls, entry: 'Entry') -> 'State':
+    def root(cls, entry: Entry) -> State:
         return cls((entry,), ())
 
     @property
-    def cur(self) -> 'Entry':
+    def cur(self) -> Entry:
         return self.entries[-1]
 
-    def push(self, entry: 'Entry') -> 'State':
+    def push(self, entry: Entry) -> State:
         return self._replace(entries=(*self.entries, entry))
 
-    def pop(self) -> 'State':
+    def pop(self) -> State:
         return self._replace(entries=self.entries[:-1])
 
-    def push_while(self, rule: 'WhileRule', entry: 'Entry') -> 'State':
+    def push_while(self, rule: WhileRule, entry: Entry) -> State:
         entries = (*self.entries, entry)
         while_stack = (*self.while_stack, (rule, len(entries)))
         return self._replace(entries=entries, while_stack=while_stack)
 
-    def pop_while(self) -> 'State':
+    def pop_while(self) -> State:
         entries, while_stack = self.entries[:-1], self.while_stack[:-1]
         return self._replace(entries=entries, while_stack=while_stack)
 
 
 class CompiledRule(Protocol):
     @property
-    def name(self) -> Tuple[str, ...]: ...
+    def name(self) -> tuple[str, ...]: ...
 
     def start(
             self,
-            compiler: 'Compiler',
+            compiler: Compiler,
             match: Match[str],
             state: State,
-    ) -> Tuple[State, bool, Regions]:
+    ) -> tuple[State, bool, Regions]:
         ...
 
     def search(
             self,
-            compiler: 'Compiler',
+            compiler: Compiler,
             state: State,
             line: str,
             pos: int,
             first_line: bool,
             boundary: bool,
-    ) -> Optional[Tuple[State, int, bool, Regions]]:
+    ) -> tuple[State, int, bool, Regions] | None:
         ...
 
 
@@ -267,19 +265,19 @@ class CompiledRegsetRule(CompiledRule, Protocol):
     @property
     def regset(self) -> _RegSet: ...
     @property
-    def u_rules(self) -> Tuple[_Rule, ...]: ...
+    def u_rules(self) -> tuple[_Rule, ...]: ...
 
 
 class Entry(NamedTuple):
-    scope: Tuple[str, ...]
+    scope: tuple[str, ...]
     rule: CompiledRule
-    start: Tuple[str, int]
+    start: tuple[str, int]
     reg: _Reg = ERR_REG
     boundary: bool = False
 
 
 def _inner_capture_parse(
-        compiler: 'Compiler',
+        compiler: Compiler,
         start: int,
         s: str,
         scope: Scope,
@@ -293,12 +291,12 @@ def _inner_capture_parse(
 
 
 def _captures(
-        compiler: 'Compiler',
+        compiler: Compiler,
         scope: Scope,
         match: Match[str],
         captures: Captures,
 ) -> Regions:
-    ret: List[Region] = []
+    ret: list[Region] = []
     pos, pos_end = match.span()
     for i, u_rule in captures:
         try:
@@ -347,12 +345,12 @@ def _captures(
 
 def _do_regset(
         idx: int,
-        match: Optional[Match[str]],
+        match: Match[str] | None,
         rule: CompiledRegsetRule,
-        compiler: 'Compiler',
+        compiler: Compiler,
         state: State,
         pos: int,
-) -> Optional[Tuple[State, int, bool, Regions]]:
+) -> tuple[State, int, bool, Regions] | None:
     if match is None:
         return None
 
@@ -369,73 +367,73 @@ def _do_regset(
 
 @uniquely_constructed
 class PatternRule(NamedTuple):
-    name: Tuple[str, ...]
+    name: tuple[str, ...]
     regset: _RegSet
-    u_rules: Tuple[_Rule, ...]
+    u_rules: tuple[_Rule, ...]
 
     def start(
             self,
-            compiler: 'Compiler',
+            compiler: Compiler,
             match: Match[str],
             state: State,
-    ) -> Tuple[State, bool, Regions]:
+    ) -> tuple[State, bool, Regions]:
         raise AssertionError(f'unreachable {self}')
 
     def search(
             self,
-            compiler: 'Compiler',
+            compiler: Compiler,
             state: State,
             line: str,
             pos: int,
             first_line: bool,
             boundary: bool,
-    ) -> Optional[Tuple[State, int, bool, Regions]]:
+    ) -> tuple[State, int, bool, Regions] | None:
         idx, match = self.regset.search(line, pos, first_line, boundary)
         return _do_regset(idx, match, self, compiler, state, pos)
 
 
 @uniquely_constructed
 class MatchRule(NamedTuple):
-    name: Tuple[str, ...]
+    name: tuple[str, ...]
     captures: Captures
 
     def start(
             self,
-            compiler: 'Compiler',
+            compiler: Compiler,
             match: Match[str],
             state: State,
-    ) -> Tuple[State, bool, Regions]:
+    ) -> tuple[State, bool, Regions]:
         scope = state.cur.scope + self.name
         return state, False, _captures(compiler, scope, match, self.captures)
 
     def search(
             self,
-            compiler: 'Compiler',
+            compiler: Compiler,
             state: State,
             line: str,
             pos: int,
             first_line: bool,
             boundary: bool,
-    ) -> Optional[Tuple[State, int, bool, Regions]]:
+    ) -> tuple[State, int, bool, Regions] | None:
         raise AssertionError(f'unreachable {self}')
 
 
 @uniquely_constructed
 class EndRule(NamedTuple):
-    name: Tuple[str, ...]
-    content_name: Tuple[str, ...]
+    name: tuple[str, ...]
+    content_name: tuple[str, ...]
     begin_captures: Captures
     end_captures: Captures
     end: str
     regset: _RegSet
-    u_rules: Tuple[_Rule, ...]
+    u_rules: tuple[_Rule, ...]
 
     def start(
             self,
-            compiler: 'Compiler',
+            compiler: Compiler,
             match: Match[str],
             state: State,
-    ) -> Tuple[State, bool, Regions]:
+    ) -> tuple[State, bool, Regions]:
         scope = state.cur.scope + self.name
         next_scope = scope + self.content_name
 
@@ -448,11 +446,11 @@ class EndRule(NamedTuple):
 
     def _end_ret(
             self,
-            compiler: 'Compiler',
+            compiler: Compiler,
             state: State,
             pos: int,
             m: Match[str],
-    ) -> Tuple[State, int, bool, Regions]:
+    ) -> tuple[State, int, bool, Regions]:
         ret = []
         if m.start() > pos:
             ret.append(Region(pos, m.start(), state.cur.scope))
@@ -470,13 +468,13 @@ class EndRule(NamedTuple):
 
     def search(
             self,
-            compiler: 'Compiler',
+            compiler: Compiler,
             state: State,
             line: str,
             pos: int,
             first_line: bool,
             boundary: bool,
-    ) -> Optional[Tuple[State, int, bool, Regions]]:
+    ) -> tuple[State, int, bool, Regions] | None:
         end_match = state.cur.reg.search(line, pos, first_line, boundary)
         if end_match is not None and end_match.start() == pos:
             return self._end_ret(compiler, state, pos, end_match)
@@ -493,20 +491,20 @@ class EndRule(NamedTuple):
 
 @uniquely_constructed
 class WhileRule(NamedTuple):
-    name: Tuple[str, ...]
-    content_name: Tuple[str, ...]
+    name: tuple[str, ...]
+    content_name: tuple[str, ...]
     begin_captures: Captures
     while_captures: Captures
     while_: str
     regset: _RegSet
-    u_rules: Tuple[_Rule, ...]
+    u_rules: tuple[_Rule, ...]
 
     def start(
             self,
-            compiler: 'Compiler',
+            compiler: Compiler,
             match: Match[str],
             state: State,
-    ) -> Tuple[State, bool, Regions]:
+    ) -> tuple[State, bool, Regions]:
         scope = state.cur.scope + self.name
         next_scope = scope + self.content_name
 
@@ -520,13 +518,13 @@ class WhileRule(NamedTuple):
 
     def continues(
             self,
-            compiler: 'Compiler',
+            compiler: Compiler,
             state: State,
             line: str,
             pos: int,
             first_line: bool,
             boundary: bool,
-    ) -> Optional[Tuple[int, bool, Regions]]:
+    ) -> tuple[int, bool, Regions] | None:
         match = state.cur.reg.match(line, pos, first_line, boundary)
         if match is None:
             return None
@@ -536,23 +534,23 @@ class WhileRule(NamedTuple):
 
     def search(
             self,
-            compiler: 'Compiler',
+            compiler: Compiler,
             state: State,
             line: str,
             pos: int,
             first_line: bool,
             boundary: bool,
-    ) -> Optional[Tuple[State, int, bool, Regions]]:
+    ) -> tuple[State, int, bool, Regions] | None:
         idx, match = self.regset.search(line, pos, first_line, boundary)
         return _do_regset(idx, match, self, compiler, state, pos)
 
 
 class Compiler:
-    def __init__(self, grammar: Grammar, grammars: 'Grammars') -> None:
+    def __init__(self, grammar: Grammar, grammars: Grammars) -> None:
         self._root_scope = grammar.scope_name
         self._grammars = grammars
-        self._rule_to_grammar: Dict[_Rule, Grammar] = {}
-        self._c_rules: Dict[_Rule, CompiledRule] = {}
+        self._rule_to_grammar: dict[_Rule, Grammar] = {}
+        self._c_rules: dict[_Rule, CompiledRule] = {}
         root = self._compile_root(grammar)
         self.root_state = State.root(Entry(root.name, root, ('', 0)))
 
@@ -566,7 +564,7 @@ class Compiler:
             grammar: Grammar,
             repository: FChainMap[str, _Rule],
             s: str,
-    ) -> Tuple[List[str], Tuple[_Rule, ...]]:
+    ) -> tuple[list[str], tuple[_Rule, ...]]:
         if s == '$self':
             return self._patterns(grammar, grammar.patterns)
         elif s == '$base':
@@ -586,10 +584,10 @@ class Compiler:
     def _patterns(
             self,
             grammar: Grammar,
-            rules: Tuple[_Rule, ...],
-    ) -> Tuple[List[str], Tuple[_Rule, ...]]:
+            rules: tuple[_Rule, ...],
+    ) -> tuple[list[str], tuple[_Rule, ...]]:
         ret_regs = []
-        ret_rules: List[_Rule] = []
+        ret_rules: list[_Rule] = []
         for rule in rules:
             if rule.include is not None:
                 tmp_regs, tmp_rules = self._include(
@@ -676,12 +674,12 @@ class Grammars:
 
         unknown_grammar = {'scopeName': 'source.unknown', 'patterns': []}
         self._raw = {'source.unknown': unknown_grammar}
-        self._file_types: List[Tuple[FrozenSet[str], str]] = []
-        self._first_line: List[Tuple[_Reg, str]] = []
-        self._parsed: Dict[str, Grammar] = {}
-        self._compiled: Dict[str, Compiler] = {}
+        self._file_types: list[tuple[frozenset[str], str]] = []
+        self._first_line: list[tuple[_Reg, str]] = []
+        self._parsed: dict[str, Grammar] = {}
+        self._compiled: dict[str, Compiler] = {}
 
-    def _raw_for_scope(self, scope: str) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    def _raw_for_scope(self, scope: str) -> dict[str, Any]:
         try:
             return self._raw[scope]
         except KeyError:
@@ -747,12 +745,12 @@ class Grammars:
 
 
 def highlight_line(
-        compiler: 'Compiler',
+        compiler: Compiler,
         state: State,
         line: str,
         first_line: bool,
-) -> Tuple[State, Regions]:
-    ret: List[Region] = []
+) -> tuple[State, Regions]:
+    ret: list[Region] = []
     pos = 0
     boundary = state.cur.boundary
 
diff --git a/babi/history.py b/babi/history.py
index 1d7204c..a4fceb5 100644
--- a/babi/history.py
+++ b/babi/history.py
@@ -1,18 +1,18 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import collections
 import contextlib
 import os.path
-from typing import Dict
 from typing import Generator
-from typing import List
 
 from babi.user_data import xdg_data
 
 
 class History:
     def __init__(self) -> None:
-        self._orig_len: Dict[str, int] = collections.defaultdict(int)
-        self.data: Dict[str, List[str]] = collections.defaultdict(list)
-        self.prev: Dict[str, str] = {}
+        self._orig_len: dict[str, int] = collections.defaultdict(int)
+        self.data: dict[str, list[str]] = collections.defaultdict(list)
+        self.prev: dict[str, str] = {}
 
     @contextlib.contextmanager
     def save(self) -> Generator[None, None, None]:
diff --git a/babi/hl/interface.py b/babi/hl/interface.py
index 9e73cfa..3bd7f0b 100644
--- a/babi/hl/interface.py
+++ b/babi/hl/interface.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 from typing import NamedTuple
 from typing import Tuple
 
diff --git a/babi/hl/replace.py b/babi/hl/replace.py
index b8918fb..a52e7f8 100644
--- a/babi/hl/replace.py
+++ b/babi/hl/replace.py
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import collections
 import contextlib
 import curses
-from typing import Dict
 from typing import Generator
 
 from babi.buf import Buf
@@ -13,7 +14,7 @@ class Replace:
     include_edge = True
 
     def __init__(self) -> None:
-        self.regions: Dict[int, HLs] = collections.defaultdict(tuple)
+        self.regions: dict[int, HLs] = collections.defaultdict(tuple)
 
     def highlight_until(self, lines: Buf, idx: int) -> None:
         """our highlight regions are populated in other ways"""
diff --git a/babi/hl/selection.py b/babi/hl/selection.py
index 0b91acc..6a8bd12 100644
--- a/babi/hl/selection.py
+++ b/babi/hl/selection.py
@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import collections
 import curses
-from typing import Dict
-from typing import Optional
-from typing import Tuple
 
 from babi.buf import Buf
 from babi.hl.interface import HL
@@ -13,9 +12,9 @@ class Selection:
     include_edge = True
 
     def __init__(self) -> None:
-        self.regions: Dict[int, HLs] = collections.defaultdict(tuple)
-        self.start: Optional[Tuple[int, int]] = None
-        self.end: Optional[Tuple[int, int]] = None
+        self.regions: dict[int, HLs] = collections.defaultdict(tuple)
+        self.start: tuple[int, int] | None = None
+        self.end: tuple[int, int] | None = None
 
     def register_callbacks(self, buf: Buf) -> None:
         """our highlight regions are populated in other ways"""
@@ -39,7 +38,7 @@ class Selection:
                 )
             self.regions[e_y] = (HL(x=0, end=e_x, attr=attr),)
 
-    def get(self) -> Tuple[Tuple[int, int], Tuple[int, int]]:
+    def get(self) -> tuple[tuple[int, int], tuple[int, int]]:
         assert self.start is not None and self.end is not None
         if self.start < self.end:
             return self.start, self.end
diff --git a/babi/hl/syntax.py b/babi/hl/syntax.py
index ba0b3cc..c0e962d 100644
--- a/babi/hl/syntax.py
+++ b/babi/hl/syntax.py
@@ -1,11 +1,10 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import curses
 import functools
 import math
 from typing import Callable
-from typing import List
 from typing import NamedTuple
-from typing import Optional
-from typing import Tuple
 
 from babi.buf import Buf
 from babi.color_manager import ColorManager
@@ -21,8 +20,6 @@ from babi.user_data import prefix_data
 from babi.user_data import xdg_config
 from babi.user_data import xdg_data
 
-A_ITALIC = getattr(curses, 'A_ITALIC', 0x80000000)  # new in py37
-
 
 class FileSyntax:
     include_edge = False
@@ -37,12 +34,12 @@ class FileSyntax:
         self._theme = theme
         self._color_manager = color_manager
 
-        self.regions: List[HLs] = []
-        self._states: List[State] = []
+        self.regions: list[HLs] = []
+        self._states: list[State] = []
 
         # this will be assigned a functools.lru_cache per instance for
         # better hit rate and memory usage
-        self._hl: Optional[Callable[[State, str, bool], Tuple[State, HLs]]]
+        self._hl: Callable[[State, str, bool], tuple[State, HLs]] | None
         self._hl = None
 
     def attr(self, style: Style) -> int:
@@ -50,7 +47,7 @@ class FileSyntax:
         return (
             curses.color_pair(pair) |
             curses.A_BOLD * style.b |
-            A_ITALIC * style.i |
+            curses.A_ITALIC * style.i |
             curses.A_UNDERLINE * style.u
         )
 
@@ -59,7 +56,7 @@ class FileSyntax:
             state: State,
             line: str,
             first_line: bool,
-    ) -> Tuple[State, HLs]:
+    ) -> tuple[State, HLs]:
         new_state, regions = highlight_line(
             self._compiler, state, f'{line}\n', first_line=first_line,
         )
@@ -68,7 +65,7 @@ class FileSyntax:
         new_end = regions[-1]._replace(end=regions[-1].end - 1)
         regions = regions[:-1] + (new_end,)
 
-        regs: List[HL] = []
+        regs: list[HL] = []
         for r in regions:
             style = self._theme.select(r.scope)
             if style == self._theme.default:
@@ -133,7 +130,7 @@ class Syntax(NamedTuple):
         compiler = self.grammars.blank_compiler()
         return FileSyntax(compiler, self.theme, self.color_manager)
 
-    def _init_screen(self, stdscr: 'curses._CursesWindow') -> None:
+    def _init_screen(self, stdscr: curses._CursesWindow) -> None:
         default_fg, default_bg = self.theme.default.fg, self.theme.default.bg
         all_colors = {c for c in (default_fg, default_bg) if c is not None}
         todo = list(self.theme.rules.children.values())
@@ -154,9 +151,9 @@ class Syntax(NamedTuple):
     @classmethod
     def from_screen(
             cls,
-            stdscr: 'curses._CursesWindow',
+            stdscr: curses._CursesWindow,
             color_manager: ColorManager,
-    ) -> 'Syntax':
+    ) -> Syntax:
         grammars = Grammars(prefix_data('grammar_v1'), xdg_data('grammar_v1'))
         theme = Theme.from_filename(xdg_config('theme.json'))
         ret = cls(grammars, theme, color_manager)
diff --git a/babi/hl/trailing_whitespace.py b/babi/hl/trailing_whitespace.py
index 383241a..73d058f 100644
--- a/babi/hl/trailing_whitespace.py
+++ b/babi/hl/trailing_whitespace.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import curses
-from typing import List
 
 from babi.buf import Buf
 from babi.color_manager import ColorManager
@@ -13,7 +14,7 @@ class TrailingWhitespace:
     def __init__(self, color_manager: ColorManager) -> None:
         self._color_manager = color_manager
 
-        self.regions: List[HLs] = []
+        self.regions: list[HLs] = []
 
     def _trailing_ws(self, line: str) -> HLs:
         if not line:
diff --git a/babi/horizontal_scrolling.py b/babi/horizontal_scrolling.py
index ad6c7f4..acd3820 100644
--- a/babi/horizontal_scrolling.py
+++ b/babi/horizontal_scrolling.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import curses
 
 from babi.cached_property import cached_property
@@ -34,7 +36,7 @@ def scrolled_line(s: str, x: int, width: int) -> str:
 
 class _CalcWidth:
     @cached_property
-    def _window(self) -> 'curses._CursesWindow':
+    def _window(self) -> curses._CursesWindow:
         return curses.newwin(1, 10)
 
     def wcwidth(self, c: str) -> int:
diff --git a/babi/main.py b/babi/main.py
index 8d81505..959c9a6 100644
--- a/babi/main.py
+++ b/babi/main.py
@@ -1,13 +1,12 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import argparse
 import curses
 import os
 import re
 import signal
 import sys
-from typing import List
-from typing import Optional
 from typing import Sequence
-from typing import Tuple
 
 from babi.buf import Buf
 from babi.file import File
@@ -44,9 +43,9 @@ def _edit(screen: Screen, stdin: str) -> EditResult:
 
 
 def c_main(
-        stdscr: 'curses._CursesWindow',
-        filenames: List[Optional[str]],
-        positions: List[int],
+        stdscr: curses._CursesWindow,
+        filenames: list[str | None],
+        positions: list[int],
         stdin: str,
         perf: Perf,
 ) -> int:
@@ -73,7 +72,7 @@ def c_main(
     return 0
 
 
-def _key_debug(stdscr: 'curses._CursesWindow', perf: Perf) -> int:
+def _key_debug(stdscr: curses._CursesWindow, perf: Perf) -> int:
     screen = Screen(stdscr, ['<<key debug>>'], [0], perf)
     screen.file.buf = Buf([''])
 
@@ -91,11 +90,11 @@ def _key_debug(stdscr: 'curses._CursesWindow', perf: Perf) -> int:
             return 0
 
 
-def _filenames(filenames: List[str]) -> Tuple[List[Optional[str]], List[int]]:
+def _filenames(filenames: list[str]) -> tuple[list[str | None], list[int]]:
     if not filenames:
         return [None], [0]
 
-    ret_filenames: List[Optional[str]] = []
+    ret_filenames: list[str | None] = []
     ret_positions = []
 
     filenames_iter = iter(filenames)
@@ -122,7 +121,7 @@ def _filenames(filenames: List[str]) -> Tuple[List[Optional[str]], List[int]]:
     return ret_filenames, ret_positions
 
 
-def main(argv: Optional[Sequence[str]] = None) -> int:
+def main(argv: Sequence[str] | None = None) -> int:
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
     parser.add_argument('filenames', metavar='filename', nargs='*')
     parser.add_argument('--perf-log')
diff --git a/babi/margin.py b/babi/margin.py
index fd4e9cf..b956226 100644
--- a/babi/margin.py
+++ b/babi/margin.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import curses
 from typing import NamedTuple
 
@@ -31,5 +33,5 @@ class Margin(NamedTuple):
         return int(self.lines / 2 + .5)
 
     @classmethod
-    def from_current_screen(cls) -> 'Margin':
+    def from_current_screen(cls) -> Margin:
         return cls(curses.LINES, curses.COLS)
diff --git a/babi/perf.py b/babi/perf.py
index d4002e4..e2d8056 100644
--- a/babi/perf.py
+++ b/babi/perf.py
@@ -1,18 +1,17 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import contextlib
 import cProfile
 import time
 from typing import Generator
-from typing import List
-from typing import Optional
-from typing import Tuple
 
 
 class Perf:
     def __init__(self) -> None:
-        self._prof: Optional[cProfile.Profile] = None
-        self._records: List[Tuple[str, float]] = []
-        self._name: Optional[str] = None
-        self._time: Optional[float] = None
+        self._prof: cProfile.Profile | None = None
+        self._records: list[tuple[str, float]] = []
+        self._name: str | None = None
+        self._time: float | None = None
 
     def start(self, name: str) -> None:
         if self._prof:
@@ -43,7 +42,7 @@ class Perf:
 
 
 @contextlib.contextmanager
-def perf_log(filename: Optional[str]) -> Generator[Perf, None, None]:
+def perf_log(filename: str | None) -> Generator[Perf, None, None]:
     perf = Perf()
     if filename is None:
         yield perf
diff --git a/babi/prompt.py b/babi/prompt.py
index 23856a8..36d282f 100644
--- a/babi/prompt.py
+++ b/babi/prompt.py
@@ -1,10 +1,8 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import curses
 import enum
-from typing import List
-from typing import Optional
-from typing import Tuple
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
-from typing import Union
 
 from babi.horizontal_scrolling import line_x
 from babi.horizontal_scrolling import scrolled_line
@@ -16,7 +14,7 @@ PromptResult = enum.Enum('PromptResult', 'CANCELLED')
 
 
 class Prompt:
-    def __init__(self, screen: 'Screen', prompt: str, lst: List[str]) -> None:
+    def __init__(self, screen: Screen, prompt: str, lst: list[str]) -> None:
         self._screen = screen
         self._prompt = prompt
         self._lst = lst
@@ -31,7 +29,7 @@ class Prompt:
     def _s(self, s: str) -> None:
         self._lst[self._y] = s
 
-    def _render_prompt(self, *, base: Optional[str] = None) -> None:
+    def _render_prompt(self, *, base: str | None = None) -> None:
         base = base or self._prompt
         if not base or self._screen.margin.cols < 7:
             prompt_s = ''
@@ -100,7 +98,7 @@ class Prompt:
     def _resize(self) -> None:
         self._screen.resize()
 
-    def _check_failed(self, idx: int, s: str) -> Tuple[bool, int]:
+    def _check_failed(self, idx: int, s: str) -> tuple[bool, int]:
         failed = False
         for search_idx in range(idx, -1, -1):
             if s in self._lst[search_idx]:
@@ -111,7 +109,7 @@ class Prompt:
             failed = True
         return failed, idx
 
-    def _reverse_search(self) -> Union[None, str, PromptResult]:
+    def _reverse_search(self) -> None | str | PromptResult:
         reverse_s = ''
         idx = self._y
         while True:
@@ -177,7 +175,7 @@ class Prompt:
         self._s = self._s[:self._x] + c + self._s[self._x:]
         self._x += len(c)
 
-    def run(self) -> Union[PromptResult, str]:
+    def run(self) -> PromptResult | str:
         while True:
             self._render_prompt()
 
diff --git a/babi/reg.py b/babi/reg.py
index 9b59396..aa68bac 100644
--- a/babi/reg.py
+++ b/babi/reg.py
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import functools
 import re
 from typing import Match
-from typing import Optional
-from typing import Tuple
 
 import onigurumacffi
 
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ class _Reg:
             pos: int,
             first_line: bool,
             boundary: bool,
-    ) -> Optional[Match[str]]:
+    ) -> Match[str] | None:
         return self._reg.search(line, pos, flags=_FLAGS[first_line, boundary])
 
     def match(
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ class _Reg:
             pos: int,
             first_line: bool,
             boundary: bool,
-    ) -> Optional[Match[str]]:
+    ) -> Match[str] | None:
         return self._reg.match(line, pos, flags=_FLAGS[first_line, boundary])
 
 
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ class _RegSet:
             pos: int,
             first_line: bool,
             boundary: bool,
-    ) -> Tuple[int, Optional[Match[str]]]:
+    ) -> tuple[int, Match[str] | None]:
         return self._set.search(line, pos, flags=_FLAGS[first_line, boundary])
 
 
diff --git a/babi/screen.py b/babi/screen.py
index 146eb3e..9d725d4 100644
--- a/babi/screen.py
+++ b/babi/screen.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import contextlib
 import curses
 import enum
@@ -7,12 +9,8 @@ import re
 import signal
 import sys
 from typing import Generator
-from typing import List
 from typing import NamedTuple
-from typing import Optional
 from typing import Pattern
-from typing import Tuple
-from typing import Union
 
 from babi.color_manager import ColorManager
 from babi.file import Action
@@ -102,16 +100,16 @@ KEYNAME_REWRITE = {
 
 
 class Key(NamedTuple):
-    wch: Union[int, str]
+    wch: int | str
     keyname: bytes
 
 
 class Screen:
     def __init__(
             self,
-            stdscr: 'curses._CursesWindow',
-            filenames: List[Optional[str]],
-            initial_lines: List[int],
+            stdscr: curses._CursesWindow,
+            filenames: list[str | None],
+            initial_lines: list[int],
             perf: Perf,
     ) -> None:
         self.stdscr = stdscr
@@ -126,9 +124,9 @@ class Screen:
         self.perf = perf
         self.status = Status()
         self.margin = Margin.from_current_screen()
-        self.cut_buffer: Tuple[str, ...] = ()
+        self.cut_buffer: tuple[str, ...] = ()
         self.cut_selection = False
-        self._buffered_input: Union[int, str, None] = None
+        self._buffered_input: int | str | None = None
 
     @property
     def file(self) -> File:
@@ -271,8 +269,8 @@ class Screen:
     def quick_prompt(
             self,
             prompt: str,
-            opt_strs: Tuple[str, ...],
-    ) -> Union[str, PromptResult]:
+            opt_strs: tuple[str, ...],
+    ) -> str | PromptResult:
         opts = {opt[0] for opt in opt_strs}
         while True:
             x = 0
@@ -318,10 +316,10 @@ class Screen:
             prompt: str,
             *,
             allow_empty: bool = False,
-            history: Optional[str] = None,
+            history: str | None = None,
             default_prev: bool = False,
-            default: Optional[str] = None,
-    ) -> Union[str, PromptResult]:
+            default: str | None = None,
+    ) -> str | PromptResult:
         default = default or ''
         self.status.clear()
         if history is not None:
@@ -378,7 +376,7 @@ class Screen:
         else:
             self.file.uncut(self.cut_buffer, self.margin)
 
-    def _get_search_re(self, prompt: str) -> Union[Pattern[str], PromptResult]:
+    def _get_search_re(self, prompt: str) -> Pattern[str] | PromptResult:
         response = self.prompt(prompt, history='search', default_prev=True)
         if response is PromptResult.CANCELLED:
             return response
@@ -391,8 +389,8 @@ class Screen:
     def _undo_redo(
             self,
             op: str,
-            from_stack: List[Action],
-            to_stack: List[Action],
+            from_stack: list[Action],
+            to_stack: list[Action],
     ) -> None:
         if not from_stack:
             self.status.update(f'nothing to {op}!')
@@ -423,7 +421,7 @@ class Screen:
             if response is not PromptResult.CANCELLED:
                 self.file.replace(self, search_response, response)
 
-    def command(self) -> Optional[EditResult]:
+    def command(self) -> EditResult | None:
         response = self.prompt('', history='command')
         if response is PromptResult.CANCELLED:
             pass
@@ -480,7 +478,7 @@ class Screen:
             self.status.update(f'invalid command: {response}')
         return None
 
-    def save(self) -> Optional[PromptResult]:
+    def save(self) -> PromptResult | None:
         self.file.finalize_previous_action()
 
         # TODO: make directories if they don't exist
@@ -495,7 +493,7 @@ class Screen:
                 self.file.filename = filename
 
         if not os.path.isfile(self.file.filename):
-            sha256: Optional[str] = None
+            sha256: str | None = None
         else:
             with open(self.file.filename, encoding='UTF-8', newline='') as f:
                 *_, sha256 = get_lines(f)
@@ -532,7 +530,7 @@ class Screen:
                 first = False
         return None
 
-    def save_filename(self) -> Optional[PromptResult]:
+    def save_filename(self) -> PromptResult | None:
         response = self.prompt('enter filename', default=self.file.filename)
         if response is PromptResult.CANCELLED:
             return PromptResult.CANCELLED
@@ -540,7 +538,7 @@ class Screen:
             self.file.filename = response
             return self.save()
 
-    def open_file(self) -> Optional[EditResult]:
+    def open_file(self) -> EditResult | None:
         response = self.prompt('enter filename', history='open')
         if response is not PromptResult.CANCELLED:
             opened = File(response, 0, self.color_manager, self.hl_factories)
@@ -549,7 +547,7 @@ class Screen:
         else:
             return None
 
-    def quit_save_modified(self) -> Optional[EditResult]:
+    def quit_save_modified(self) -> EditResult | None:
         if self.file.modified:
             response = self.quick_prompt(
                 'file is modified - save', ('yes', 'no'),
@@ -597,7 +595,7 @@ class Screen:
     }
 
 
-def _init_screen() -> 'curses._CursesWindow':
+def _init_screen() -> curses._CursesWindow:
     # set the escape delay so curses does not pause waiting for sequences
     if (
             sys.version_info >= (3, 9) and
@@ -623,7 +621,7 @@ def _init_screen() -> 'curses._CursesWindow':
 
 
 @contextlib.contextmanager
-def make_stdscr() -> Generator['curses._CursesWindow', None, None]:
+def make_stdscr() -> Generator[curses._CursesWindow, None, None]:
     """essentially `curses.wrapper` but split out to implement ^Z"""
     try:
         yield _init_screen()
diff --git a/babi/status.py b/babi/status.py
index 3b6410e..268b1d3 100644
--- a/babi/status.py
+++ b/babi/status.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import curses
 
 from babi.margin import Margin
@@ -16,7 +18,7 @@ class Status:
     def clear(self) -> None:
         self._status = ''
 
-    def draw(self, stdscr: 'curses._CursesWindow', margin: Margin) -> None:
+    def draw(self, stdscr: curses._CursesWindow, margin: Margin) -> None:
         if margin.footer or self._status:
             stdscr.insstr(margin.lines - 1, 0, ' ' * margin.cols)
             if self._status:
diff --git a/babi/textmate_demo.py b/babi/textmate_demo.py
index c997697..2945ff6 100644
--- a/babi/textmate_demo.py
+++ b/babi/textmate_demo.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import argparse
-from typing import Optional
 from typing import Sequence
 
 from babi.highlight import Compiler
@@ -47,7 +48,7 @@ def _highlight_output(theme: Theme, compiler: Compiler, filename: str) -> int:
     return 0
 
 
-def main(argv: Optional[Sequence[str]] = None) -> int:
+def main(argv: Sequence[str] | None = None) -> int:
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
     parser.add_argument('--theme', default=xdg_config('theme.json'))
     parser.add_argument('--grammar-dir', default=prefix_data('grammar_v1'))
diff --git a/babi/theme.py b/babi/theme.py
index eac61de..2ded326 100644
--- a/babi/theme.py
+++ b/babi/theme.py
@@ -1,11 +1,10 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import functools
 import json
 import os.path
 from typing import Any
-from typing import Dict
 from typing import NamedTuple
-from typing import Optional
-from typing import Tuple
 
 from babi._types import Protocol
 from babi.color import Color
@@ -13,32 +12,32 @@ from babi.fdict import FDict
 
 
 class Style(NamedTuple):
-    fg: Optional[Color]
-    bg: Optional[Color]
+    fg: Color | None
+    bg: Color | None
     b: bool
     i: bool
     u: bool
 
     @classmethod
-    def blank(cls) -> 'Style':
+    def blank(cls) -> Style:
         return cls(fg=None, bg=None, b=False, i=False, u=False)
 
 
 class PartialStyle(NamedTuple):
-    fg: Optional[Color] = None
-    bg: Optional[Color] = None
-    b: Optional[bool] = None
-    i: Optional[bool] = None
-    u: Optional[bool] = None
+    fg: Color | None = None
+    bg: Color | None = None
+    b: bool | None = None
+    i: bool | None = None
+    u: bool | None = None
 
-    def overlay_on(self, dct: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+    def overlay_on(self, dct: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
         for attr in self._fields:
             value = getattr(self, attr)
             if value is not None:
                 dct[attr] = value
 
     @classmethod
-    def from_dct(cls, dct: Dict[str, Any]) -> 'PartialStyle':
+    def from_dct(cls, dct: dict[str, Any]) -> PartialStyle:
         kv = cls()._asdict()
         if 'foreground' in dct:
             kv['fg'] = Color.parse(dct['foreground'])
@@ -57,7 +56,7 @@ class _TrieNode(Protocol):
     @property
     def style(self) -> PartialStyle: ...
     @property
-    def children(self) -> FDict[str, '_TrieNode']: ...
+    def children(self) -> FDict[str, _TrieNode]: ...
 
 
 class TrieNode(NamedTuple):
@@ -65,7 +64,7 @@ class TrieNode(NamedTuple):
     children: FDict[str, _TrieNode]
 
     @classmethod
-    def from_dct(cls, dct: Dict[str, Any]) -> _TrieNode:
+    def from_dct(cls, dct: dict[str, Any]) -> _TrieNode:
         children = FDict({
             k: TrieNode.from_dct(v) for k, v in dct['children'].items()
         })
@@ -77,7 +76,7 @@ class Theme(NamedTuple):
     rules: _TrieNode
 
     @functools.lru_cache(maxsize=None)
-    def select(self, scope: Tuple[str, ...]) -> Style:
+    def select(self, scope: tuple[str, ...]) -> Style:
         if not scope:
             return self.default
         else:
@@ -92,7 +91,7 @@ class Theme(NamedTuple):
             return Style(**style)
 
     @classmethod
-    def from_dct(cls, data: Dict[str, Any]) -> 'Theme':
+    def from_dct(cls, data: dict[str, Any]) -> Theme:
         default = Style.blank()._asdict()
 
         for k in ('foreground', 'editor.foreground'):
@@ -105,7 +104,7 @@ class Theme(NamedTuple):
                 default['bg'] = Color.parse(data['colors'][k])
                 break
 
-        root: Dict[str, Any] = {'children': {}}
+        root: dict[str, Any] = {'children': {}}
         rules = data.get('tokenColors', []) + data.get('settings', [])
         for rule in rules:
             if 'scope' not in rule:
@@ -139,11 +138,11 @@ class Theme(NamedTuple):
         return cls(Style(**default), TrieNode.from_dct(root))
 
     @classmethod
-    def blank(cls) -> 'Theme':
+    def blank(cls) -> Theme:
         return cls(Style.blank(), TrieNode.from_dct({'children': {}}))
 
     @classmethod
-    def from_filename(cls, filename: str) -> 'Theme':
+    def from_filename(cls, filename: str) -> Theme:
         if not os.path.exists(filename):
             return cls.blank()
         else:
diff --git a/babi/user_data.py b/babi/user_data.py
index f5c3082..87d9786 100644
--- a/babi/user_data.py
+++ b/babi/user_data.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import os.path
 import sys
 
diff --git a/bin/download-theme b/bin/download-theme
index dccb36c..42abedf 100755
--- a/bin/download-theme
+++ b/bin/download-theme
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import argparse
 import io
 import json
diff --git a/setup.cfg b/setup.cfg
index 7043e03..e86b68b 100644
--- a/setup.cfg
+++ b/setup.cfg
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ classifiers =
     License :: OSI Approved :: MIT License
     Programming Language :: Python :: 3
     Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only
-    Programming Language :: Python :: 3.6
     Programming Language :: Python :: 3.7
     Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8
     Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9
@@ -28,7 +27,7 @@ install_requires =
     onigurumacffi>=0.0.18
     importlib_metadata>=1;python_version<"3.8"
     windows-curses;sys_platform=="win32"
-python_requires = >=3.6.1
+python_requires = >=3.7
 
 [options.packages.find]
 exclude =
diff --git a/setup.py b/setup.py
index 8bf1ba9..3d93aef 100644
--- a/setup.py
+++ b/setup.py
@@ -1,2 +1,4 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 from setuptools import setup
 setup()
diff --git a/testing/runner.py b/testing/runner.py
index c7a3e79..3d265d9 100644
--- a/testing/runner.py
+++ b/testing/runner.py
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import contextlib
 import curses
 import enum
 import re
-from typing import List
-from typing import Tuple
 
 from hecate import Runner
 
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ def to_attrs(screen, width):
     fg = bg = -1
     attr = 0
     idx = 0
-    ret: List[List[Tuple[int, int, int]]]
+    ret: list[list[tuple[int, int, int]]]
     ret = [[] for _ in range(len(screen.splitlines()))]
 
     for tp, match in tokenize_colors(screen):
diff --git a/tests/buf_test.py b/tests/buf_test.py
index 3d496b1..d56eb14 100644
--- a/tests/buf_test.py
+++ b/tests/buf_test.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import pytest
 
 from babi.buf import Buf
diff --git a/tests/color_kd_test.py b/tests/color_kd_test.py
index b91ea0f..8b2604b 100644
--- a/tests/color_kd_test.py
+++ b/tests/color_kd_test.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 from babi import color_kd
 from babi.color import Color
 
diff --git a/tests/color_manager_test.py b/tests/color_manager_test.py
index a83fb50..c1e6b22 100644
--- a/tests/color_manager_test.py
+++ b/tests/color_manager_test.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import pytest
 
 from babi.color import Color
diff --git a/tests/color_test.py b/tests/color_test.py
index a3938df..08542d4 100644
--- a/tests/color_test.py
+++ b/tests/color_test.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import pytest
 
 from babi.color import Color
diff --git a/tests/conftest.py b/tests/conftest.py
index 2ea3f8a..ae82b0f 100644
--- a/tests/conftest.py
+++ b/tests/conftest.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import json
 
 import pytest
diff --git a/tests/fdict_test.py b/tests/fdict_test.py
index ab2df6d..cd4569a 100644
--- a/tests/fdict_test.py
+++ b/tests/fdict_test.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import pytest
 
 from babi.fdict import FChainMap
diff --git a/tests/features/command_mode_test.py b/tests/features/command_mode_test.py
index 3e8433d..c744e11 100644
--- a/tests/features/command_mode_test.py
+++ b/tests/features/command_mode_test.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import pytest
 
 from testing.runner import and_exit
diff --git a/tests/features/comment_test.py b/tests/features/comment_test.py
index c5e38e2..b93ab40 100644
--- a/tests/features/comment_test.py
+++ b/tests/features/comment_test.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import pytest
 
 from testing.runner import and_exit
diff --git a/tests/features/conftest.py b/tests/features/conftest.py
index 256ca03..78b41c3 100644
--- a/tests/features/conftest.py
+++ b/tests/features/conftest.py
@@ -1,11 +1,10 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import contextlib
 import curses
 import os
 import sys
-from typing import List
 from typing import NamedTuple
-from typing import Tuple
-from typing import Union
 from unittest import mock
 
 import pytest
@@ -148,7 +147,7 @@ class AssertScreenLineEquals(NamedTuple):
 
 class AssertScreenAttrEquals(NamedTuple):
     n: int
-    attr: List[Tuple[int, int, int]]
+    attr: list[tuple[int, int, int]]
 
     def __call__(self, screen: Screen) -> None:
         assert screen.attrs[self.n] == self.attr
@@ -170,7 +169,7 @@ class Resize(NamedTuple):
 
 
 class KeyPress(NamedTuple):
-    wch: Union[int, str]
+    wch: int | str
 
     def __call__(self, screen: Screen) -> None:
         raise AssertionError('unreachable')
@@ -236,7 +235,7 @@ class CursesScreen:
 class Key(NamedTuple):
     tmux: str
     curses: bytes
-    wch: Union[int, str]
+    wch: int | str
 
     @property
     def value(self) -> int:
@@ -300,7 +299,7 @@ class DeferredRunner:
     def __init__(self, command, width=80, height=24, term='screen'):
         self.command = command
         self._i = 0
-        self._ops: List[Op] = []
+        self._ops: list[Op] = []
         self.color_pairs = {0: (7, 0)}
         self.screen = Screen(width, height)
         self._n_colors, self._can_change_color = {
diff --git a/tests/features/current_position_test.py b/tests/features/current_position_test.py
index 247d742..277f327 100644
--- a/tests/features/current_position_test.py
+++ b/tests/features/current_position_test.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 from testing.runner import and_exit
 
 
diff --git a/tests/features/cut_uncut_test.py b/tests/features/cut_uncut_test.py
index 886107d..8cf7ea2 100644
--- a/tests/features/cut_uncut_test.py
+++ b/tests/features/cut_uncut_test.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 from testing.runner import and_exit
 
 
diff --git a/tests/features/expandtabs_test.py b/tests/features/expandtabs_test.py
index 01d4297..abdceed 100644
--- a/tests/features/expandtabs_test.py
+++ b/tests/features/expandtabs_test.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 from testing.runner import and_exit
 from testing.runner import trigger_command_mode
 
diff --git a/tests/features/go_to_line_test.py b/tests/features/go_to_line_test.py
index 6ab36ab..5fcbf7f 100644
--- a/tests/features/go_to_line_test.py
+++ b/tests/features/go_to_line_test.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import pytest
 
 from testing.runner import and_exit
diff --git a/tests/features/indent_test.py b/tests/features/indent_test.py
index f81ab6c..7352d16 100644
--- a/tests/features/indent_test.py
+++ b/tests/features/indent_test.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 from testing.runner import and_exit
 from testing.runner import trigger_command_mode
 
diff --git a/tests/features/initial_position_test.py b/tests/features/initial_position_test.py
index 130ea3a..10cef01 100644
--- a/tests/features/initial_position_test.py
+++ b/tests/features/initial_position_test.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 from testing.runner import and_exit
 
 
diff --git a/tests/features/key_debug_test.py b/tests/features/key_debug_test.py
index bc6324b..2af3526 100644
--- a/tests/features/key_debug_test.py
+++ b/tests/features/key_debug_test.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import curses
 
 from babi.screen import VERSION_STR
diff --git a/tests/features/movement_test.py b/tests/features/movement_test.py
index f207e73..083c802 100644
--- a/tests/features/movement_test.py
+++ b/tests/features/movement_test.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import pytest
 
 from testing.runner import and_exit
diff --git a/tests/features/multiple_files_test.py b/tests/features/multiple_files_test.py
index cc533b1..b8a36e2 100644
--- a/tests/features/multiple_files_test.py
+++ b/tests/features/multiple_files_test.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import pytest
 
 
diff --git a/tests/features/open_test.py b/tests/features/open_test.py
index c6e2a40..10e38b6 100644
--- a/tests/features/open_test.py
+++ b/tests/features/open_test.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 from testing.runner import and_exit
 
 
diff --git a/tests/features/perf_log_test.py b/tests/features/perf_log_test.py
index e4ae821..d4c5ae7 100644
--- a/tests/features/perf_log_test.py
+++ b/tests/features/perf_log_test.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 from testing.runner import and_exit
 
 
diff --git a/tests/features/replace_test.py b/tests/features/replace_test.py
index b4953e4..f42cf10 100644
--- a/tests/features/replace_test.py
+++ b/tests/features/replace_test.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import pytest
 
 from testing.runner import and_exit
diff --git a/tests/features/resize_test.py b/tests/features/resize_test.py
index 14c0023..eeb9aa6 100644
--- a/tests/features/resize_test.py
+++ b/tests/features/resize_test.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 from babi.screen import VERSION_STR
 from testing.runner import and_exit
 
diff --git a/tests/features/save_test.py b/tests/features/save_test.py
index c74e079..78bcde8 100644
--- a/tests/features/save_test.py
+++ b/tests/features/save_test.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import pytest
 
 from testing.runner import and_exit
diff --git a/tests/features/search_test.py b/tests/features/search_test.py
index 649c266..a3c9e8e 100644
--- a/tests/features/search_test.py
+++ b/tests/features/search_test.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import pytest
 
 from testing.runner import and_exit
diff --git a/tests/features/sort_test.py b/tests/features/sort_test.py
index e83d4a4..b36e7ad 100644
--- a/tests/features/sort_test.py
+++ b/tests/features/sort_test.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import pytest
 
 from testing.runner import and_exit
diff --git a/tests/features/status_test.py b/tests/features/status_test.py
index d54d264..e1c61ec 100644
--- a/tests/features/status_test.py
+++ b/tests/features/status_test.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 from testing.runner import and_exit
 
 
diff --git a/tests/features/stdin_test.py b/tests/features/stdin_test.py
index 169388c..7e7f1b4 100644
--- a/tests/features/stdin_test.py
+++ b/tests/features/stdin_test.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import shlex
 import sys
 
diff --git a/tests/features/suspend_test.py b/tests/features/suspend_test.py
index 56f1175..5a7b854 100644
--- a/tests/features/suspend_test.py
+++ b/tests/features/suspend_test.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import shlex
 import sys
 
diff --git a/tests/features/syntax_highlight_test.py b/tests/features/syntax_highlight_test.py
index eed5a76..9664d31 100644
--- a/tests/features/syntax_highlight_test.py
+++ b/tests/features/syntax_highlight_test.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import curses
 import json
 
diff --git a/tests/features/tabsize_test.py b/tests/features/tabsize_test.py
index f1d74db..eba810a 100644
--- a/tests/features/tabsize_test.py
+++ b/tests/features/tabsize_test.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import pytest
 
 from testing.runner import and_exit
diff --git a/tests/features/text_editing_test.py b/tests/features/text_editing_test.py
index 6a0adc9..02b2dba 100644
--- a/tests/features/text_editing_test.py
+++ b/tests/features/text_editing_test.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import pytest
 
 from testing.runner import and_exit
diff --git a/tests/features/trailing_whitespace_test.py b/tests/features/trailing_whitespace_test.py
index 715fb84..13b137c 100644
--- a/tests/features/trailing_whitespace_test.py
+++ b/tests/features/trailing_whitespace_test.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import curses
 
 from testing.runner import and_exit
diff --git a/tests/features/undo_redo_test.py b/tests/features/undo_redo_test.py
index e4d835b..5693d8e 100644
--- a/tests/features/undo_redo_test.py
+++ b/tests/features/undo_redo_test.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import pytest
 
 from testing.runner import and_exit
diff --git a/tests/file_test.py b/tests/file_test.py
index 0affbac..7060fb3 100644
--- a/tests/file_test.py
+++ b/tests/file_test.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import io
 
 import pytest
diff --git a/tests/highlight_test.py b/tests/highlight_test.py
index 8c825ef..db8d2b7 100644
--- a/tests/highlight_test.py
+++ b/tests/highlight_test.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import pytest
 
 from babi.highlight import highlight_line
diff --git a/tests/hl/syntax_test.py b/tests/hl/syntax_test.py
index fec4dc8..976a7eb 100644
--- a/tests/hl/syntax_test.py
+++ b/tests/hl/syntax_test.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import contextlib
 import curses
 from unittest import mock
diff --git a/tests/main_test.py b/tests/main_test.py
index 14ea172..5e7dab6 100644
--- a/tests/main_test.py
+++ b/tests/main_test.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import pytest
 
 from babi import main
diff --git a/tests/reg_test.py b/tests/reg_test.py
index 4af6074..1f79543 100644
--- a/tests/reg_test.py
+++ b/tests/reg_test.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import onigurumacffi
 import pytest
 
diff --git a/tests/textmate_demo_test.py b/tests/textmate_demo_test.py
index 93a753b..89639ab 100644
--- a/tests/textmate_demo_test.py
+++ b/tests/textmate_demo_test.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import json
 
 import pytest
diff --git a/tests/theme_test.py b/tests/theme_test.py
index 6cd00f8..9519ed1 100644
--- a/tests/theme_test.py
+++ b/tests/theme_test.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import pytest
 
 from babi.color import Color
diff --git a/tests/user_data_test.py b/tests/user_data_test.py
index 0994896..d8bdd3a 100644
--- a/tests/user_data_test.py
+++ b/tests/user_data_test.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import os
 from unittest import mock
 
diff --git a/tox.ini b/tox.ini
index 2ee817e..fccbf4a 100644
--- a/tox.ini
+++ b/tox.ini
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 [tox]
-envlist = py36,py37,pre-commit
+envlist = py37,pre-commit
 
 [testenv]
 deps = -rrequirements-dev.txt