def func_with_kwargs(**kwargs): return kwargs['a'] + kwargs['b'] + kwargs['c'] def func_with_named_args(a, b, c): return a + b + c def keyword_call(): func_with_kwargs(a=1, b=2, c=3) def positional_call(): func_with_named_args(a=1, b=2, c=3) def add(x, y): return x + y def use_tiny_func(): x = 1 for n in range(100_000): add(x, n) add(n, x) def inline_tiny_func(): x = 1 for n in range(100_000): x + n n + x __benchmarks__ = [ (keyword_call, positional_call, "**Kwargs for known keyword args"), (use_tiny_func, inline_tiny_func, "Tiny Functions"), ]